精心制作書(shū)用料可分為脊面同料和脊面異料兩種。
The materials for elaborately making books can be divided into two types: the same materials on the ridge and different materials on the ridge.
1、脊面同料，即書(shū)脊和封面封底采用整片的同一種材料制成。有方脊和圓脊兩種。精心制作面料多用紙、織物、漆紙、漆布等，一般都配有護(hù)封。但有一種全紙面印有書(shū)名、圖案等并壓膜裱糊在硬紙板上，這種書(shū)多為方脊不帶護(hù)封。
1. The ridge surface is made of the same material, that is, the spine and the cover and back cover are made of the same material. There are square ridge and round ridge. Elaborate fabrics, multi-purpose paper, fabric, lacquer paper, lacquer cloth, etc. are generally equipped with protective covers. However, there is a kind of full paper printed with book title, pattern, etc. and laminated on cardboard. Most of these books are square ridges without protective cover.
2、脊面異料，即書(shū)脊和封面用不同材料制成，通常以織物作書(shū)脊，以紙張裱糊在硬紙版上作封面，這種形式一般多為圓脊不帶護(hù)封。
2. Ridge surface different materials, that is, the spine and cover are made of different materials. Usually, the fabric is used as the spine and the paper is pasted on the hard paper plate as the cover. This form is generally round ridge without protective cover.
精心制作封皮襯紙用什么膠粘?
What kind of adhesive is used to make the cover lining paper carefully?
精心制作書(shū)與平裝書(shū)主要區(qū)別就在于書(shū)的封面不同。平裝書(shū)的封面為軟封面，精心制作書(shū)的封面為硬封面，稱為書(shū)殼。書(shū)殼通常由三層材料（也有多層的）組成。外層封皮由涂料紙、亞麻、涂布、絲綢、棉紡等材料制成。畫(huà)冊(cè)設(shè)計(jì)里層為襯紙，印有實(shí)地色、圖案或?yàn)榘滓r紙。襯紙與書(shū)芯一起釘裝，將書(shū)芯與書(shū)殼連為一體。在封皮與襯紙之間是一層厚度為1.5mm～3.5mm的紙板，它由三塊紙板拼成。精心制作書(shū)的釘裝關(guān)鍵就在于書(shū)殼的制作，而組成書(shū)殼的各部分材料尺寸合適與否直接影響到整書(shū)的質(zhì)量。
The main difference between an elaborate book and a paperback book is that the cover of the book is different. The cover of a paperback book is a soft cover, and the cover of a carefully made book is a hard cover, which is called a book case. The book case is usually composed of three layers of material (or multiple layers). The outer cover is made of coating paper, linen, coating, silk, cotton and other materials. The inner layer of the album design is backing paper, printed with field color, pattern or white backing paper. The backing paper and the book block are nailed together to connect the book block and the book case as a whole. Between the cover and the backing paper is a layer of paperboard with a thickness of 1.5mm ~ 3.5mm, which is composed of three paperboards. The key to the nailing of carefully made books lies in the production of the book case, and whether the material size of each part of the book case is appropriate or not directly affects the quality of the whole book.
精心制作書(shū)分為圓背精心制作和方背精心制作。精心制作書(shū)的書(shū)殼通常比書(shū)芯略大2～4mm，其大出部分稱為飄口。它可以起到畫(huà)冊(cè)設(shè)計(jì)保護(hù)書(shū)芯的作用、且顯得美觀大方。
Elaborate books are divided into round back elaborate and square back elaborate. The carefully made book case is usually 2 ~ 4mm larger than the book block, and the larger part is called floating mouth. It can play the role of album design to protect the book block, and it is beautiful and generous.
精心制作書(shū)的裝訂工藝 一、 流程為: 書(shū)芯的制作→書(shū)殼的制作→上書(shū)殼 （一）書(shū)芯的制作 書(shū)芯制作的前一部分和平裝書(shū)裝訂工藝相同，包括：裁切、折頁(yè)、配頁(yè)、鎖線與切書(shū)等。在完成上述工作之后，就要進(jìn)行精心制作書(shū)芯更復(fù)雜的加工過(guò)程。書(shū)芯為圓背有脊形式，可在平裝書(shū)芯的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過(guò)壓平、刷膠、干燥、裁切、扒圓、起脊、刷膠、粘紗布、再刷膠、粘堵頭布、粘書(shū)脊紙、干燥等完成精心制作書(shū)芯的加工。書(shū)芯為方背無(wú)脊形式，就不需要扒圓。書(shū)芯為圓背無(wú)脊形式，就不需要起脊。
The binding process of carefully made books I. the process is: production of book block → production of book case → production of upper book case (I) book block. The former part of book block production is the same as that of plain bound books, including cutting, folding, page matching, sewing and book cutting. After completing the above work, it is necessary to carefully make the book block more complex processing process. The book block is in the form of round back with ridge. On the basis of paperback book block, carefully making book block can be completed through flattening, glue brushing, drying, cutting, round raking, ridging, glue brushing, gauze sticking, glue brushing, plug cloth sticking, spine paper sticking, drying, etc. The book block is in the form of square back without ridge, so there is no need to pick a circle. The book block is in the form of round back without ridge, so there is no need for ridge.
1. 壓平 壓平是在專用的壓書(shū)機(jī)上進(jìn)行，使書(shū)芯結(jié)實(shí)、平服，提高書(shū)籍的裝訂質(zhì)量。
1. Flattening is carried out on a special book press to make the book block firm and flat, and improve the binding quality of books.
2.刷膠 用手工或機(jī)械刷膠，使書(shū)芯達(dá)到基本定型，在下道工序加工時(shí)，書(shū)帖不發(fā)生相互移動(dòng)。
2. Brush glue manually or mechanically to make the book block reach the basic setting. During the next process, the book posts will not move each other.
3、裁切 對(duì)刷膠基本干燥的書(shū)芯，進(jìn)行裁切，成為光本書(shū)芯。
3. Cut the book block that is basically dry with glue brush, and cut it to become a light book block.
4、扒圓 由人工或機(jī)械，把書(shū)脊背脊部分，處理成圓弧形的工藝過(guò)程，叫做扒圓。扒圓以后，整本書(shū)的書(shū)貼能互相錯(cuò)開(kāi)，便于翻閱，提高了書(shū)芯的牢固程度。
4. Round raking is a process in which the back part of the book spine is processed into an arc shape manually or mechanically, which is called round raking. After rounding, the book stickers of the whole book can be staggered with each other, which is easy to read and improves the firmness of the book block.
5.起脊 由人工或機(jī)械，把書(shū)芯用夾板夾緊加實(shí)，在書(shū)芯正反兩面，接近書(shū)脊與環(huán)襯連線的邊緣處，壓出一條凹痕，使書(shū)脊略向外鼓起的工序，叫做起脊，這樣可防止扒圓后的書(shū)芯回圓變形。
5. Ridging is a process of manually or mechanically clamping and compacting the book block with a splint, pressing out a dent on the front and back sides of the book block, close to the edge of the line between the book ridge and the ring lining, so as to make the book ridge bulge slightly outward, which is called ridging, so as to prevent the book block from rounding and deformation after rounding.
6.書(shū)脊的加工 加工的內(nèi)容包括：刷膠、粘書(shū)簽帶、貼紗布、貼堵頭布，貼書(shū)脊紙。 貼紗布能夠增加書(shū)芯的連結(jié)強(qiáng)度和書(shū)芯與書(shū)殼的連結(jié)強(qiáng)度。 堵頭布，貼在書(shū)芯背脊的天頭和地腳兩端，使書(shū)帖之間緊緊相連，不僅增加了書(shū)籍裝訂的牢固性，又使書(shū)變得美觀。 書(shū)脊紙一定得貼在書(shū)芯背脊中間，不能起皺、起泡。
6. The processing of spine includes: brushing glue, pasting bookmark tape, pasting gauze, pasting plug cloth and pasting spine paper. Sticking gauze can increase the connection strength of the book block and the connection strength between the book block and the book case. The capping cloth is pasted on both ends of the crown and the foot of the back of the book block, so that the books are closely connected, which not only increases the firmness of book binding, but also makes the book beautiful. The spine paper must be pasted in the middle of the back of the book block without wrinkling or blistering.
（二） 書(shū)殼的制作 書(shū)殼是精心制作書(shū)的封面。書(shū)殼的材料應(yīng)有一定的強(qiáng)度和耐磨性，并具有裝飾的作用。 用一整塊面料，將封面、封底和背脊連在一起制成的書(shū)殼，叫做整料書(shū)殼。封面、封底用同一面料，而背脊用另一塊面料制成的書(shū)殼，叫做配料書(shū)殼。 作書(shū)殼時(shí)，先按規(guī)定尺寸裁切封面材料并刷膠，然后再將前封、后封的紙板壓實(shí)、定位（稱為擺殼），包好邊緣和四角，進(jìn)行壓平即完成書(shū)殼的制作。由于手工操作效率低，現(xiàn)改用機(jī)械制書(shū)殼。 制做好的書(shū)殼，在前后封以及書(shū)背上，壓印書(shū)名和圖案等。為了適應(yīng)書(shū)背的圓弧形狀，書(shū)殼整飾完以后，還需進(jìn)行扒圓。
（2） The making of book case the book case is the cover of a carefully made book. The material of the book case should have certain strength and wear resistance, and have the function of decoration. A book case made of a whole piece of fabric connecting the cover, back cover and spine is called a whole book case. A book case made of the same fabric for the front cover and back cover and another fabric for the back is called an ingredient book case. When making a book case, first cut the cover material according to the specified size and brush glue, then compact and position the front and rear sealing paperboards (called swing case), wrap the edges and corners, and press flat to complete the production of the book case. Due to the low efficiency of manual operation, we now use mechanical book cases. The title and pattern of the book are embossed on the front and back seals and the back of the book. In order to adapt to the arc shape of the back of the book, the book case needs to be rounded after finishing.
（三） 上書(shū)殼 把書(shū)殼和書(shū)芯連在一起的工藝過(guò)程，叫做上書(shū)殼，也叫套殼。 上書(shū)殼的方法是：先在書(shū)芯的一面襯頁(yè)上，涂上膠水，按一定位置放在書(shū)殼上，使書(shū)芯與書(shū)殼一面先粘牢固，再按此方法把書(shū)芯的另一面襯頁(yè)也平整地粘在書(shū)殼上，整個(gè)書(shū)芯與書(shū)殼就牢固地連結(jié)在一起了。后用壓線起脊機(jī)，在書(shū)的前后邊緣各壓出一道凹槽，加壓、烘干，使書(shū)籍更加平整、定型。
（3） The process of connecting the book case and the book block together is called the upper book case, also known as the sleeve case. The method of putting on the book case is: first, apply glue on the lining page on one side of the book block, and place it on the book case according to a certain position, so that one side of the book block and the book case can be firmly adhered, and then the lining page on the other side of the book block can be smoothly adhered to the book case according to this method, so that the whole book block and the book case can be firmly connected. After that, use the crimping and ridging machine to press out a groove on the front and rear edges of the book, pressurize and dry, so as to make the book more flat and shaped.
如果有護(hù)封，則包上護(hù)封即可出廠。 精心制作書(shū)，裝訂工序多，工藝復(fù)雜，用手工操作時(shí)，操作人員多、效率低。目前采用精心制作聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)，能自動(dòng)完成書(shū)芯供應(yīng)、書(shū)芯壓平、刷膠烘干、書(shū)芯壓緊、三面裁切、書(shū)芯扒圓起脊、書(shū)芯刷膠粘紗布、粘卡紙和堵頭布、上書(shū)殼、壓槽成型、書(shū)本輸出等精心制作書(shū)的裝訂工藝。 我國(guó)生產(chǎn)的JZX－01型精心制作書(shū)籍裝訂自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線由供書(shū)芯機(jī)、書(shū)芯壓平機(jī)、刷膠烘干機(jī)、書(shū)芯壓緊機(jī)、書(shū)芯堆積機(jī)、三面切機(jī)、扒圓起脊機(jī)、輸送反轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)、書(shū)芯貼背機(jī)、上書(shū)殼機(jī)、壓槽成型機(jī)等單機(jī)，按上述順序排列組成。
If there is a protective seal, the package can leave the factory. The book is carefully made, with many binding processes and complex process. When it is operated manually, there are many operators and low efficiency. At present, the elaborate linkage machine is adopted, which can automatically complete the book binding process of elaborate books, such as book block supply, book block flattening, glue brushing and drying, book block compression, three-sided cutting, book block rounding and ridging, book block brushing adhesive gauze, adhesive card paper and plug cloth, upper book case, groove forming, book output, etc. The jzx-01 elaborate book binding automatic production line produced in China is composed of single machines such as book core feeder, book core flattening machine, glue brushing dryer, book core compactor, book core stacker, three side cutter, rounding ridging machine, conveying reversing machine, book core sticking back machine, book shell machine and grooving forming machine, which are arranged in the above order.
精心制作書(shū)與平裝書(shū)的區(qū)別
The difference between an elaborate book and a paperback book
精心制作書(shū)和平裝書(shū)的主要區(qū)別在裝訂方面。平裝書(shū)就是我們平常一般用的書(shū)，比如教材什么的，一般采用膠訂工藝，即用特種裝訂用的膠將書(shū)的內(nèi)頁(yè)各印張粘在一起，再和封面粘在一起就可以了，一般用專門(mén)的膠訂機(jī)器。封面就是一般的銅版紙什么的，比內(nèi)頁(yè)厚一些，整本書(shū)是可以彎折的，可以握在手里。而精心制作書(shū)的內(nèi)頁(yè)一般是采用鎖線工藝，就是用線將內(nèi)頁(yè)鎖在一起，再粘上膠，這樣比較結(jié)實(shí)，不愛(ài)掉頁(yè)。
The main difference between elaborate books and paperback books is in binding. Paperback books are books we usually use, such as teaching materials. Generally, binding technology is adopted, that is, the inner pages of the book are pasted together with special binding glue, and then pasted together with the cover. Generally, special binding machines are used. The cover is ordinary coated paper or something. It is thicker than the inner page. The whole book can be bent and held in your hand. The inner pages of carefully made books are generally locked with thread, that is, the inner pages are locked together with thread, and then glued with glue, which is more solid and does not love to lose pages.
封皮一般為硬紙板的，將印刷精美的薄紙糊在硬紙板上形成書(shū)皮，再將內(nèi)頁(yè)粘在書(shū)殼上。精心制作書(shū)是不能彎折的，看上去檔次也高，一般因有硬皮顯得很厚重、精美。
The cover is generally made of cardboard. The beautifully printed tissue paper is pasted on the cardboard to form the book cover, and then the inner page is pasted on the book case. Carefully made books can't be bent. They look high-grade. Generally, they look very thick and exquisite because of their hard skin.
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